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Endothelial Cells Morphology in Response to Combined WSS and Biaxial CS: Introduction of Effective Strain Ratio

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Abstract

Introduction

Endothelial cells (ECs) morphology strongly depends on the imposed mechanical stimuli. These mechanical stimuli include wall shear stress (WSS) and biaxial cyclic stretches (CS). Under combined loading, the effect of CS is not as simple as pure CS. The present study investigates the morphological response of ECs to the realistic mechanical stimuli.

Methods

The cell population is theoretically studied using our previous validated model. The mechanical stimuli on ECs are described using four parameters; WSS magnitude (0 to 2.0 Pa), WSS angle (− 50° to 50°), and biaxial CS in two perpendicular directions (0 to 10%). The morphology of ECs is reported using four parameters; average shape index (SI) and orientation angle (OA) of the cell population as well as the standard deviation (SD) of SI and OA as measures for scattering of cells’ SI and OA from these average values.

Results

A new effective strain ratio (ESR) is defined as the ratio of the undesirable CS to the desirable one. The obtained results of the model, illustrated that the SI and OA of cells increase with absolute value of ESR. In addition, the scattering in the SI of cells decreases with the absolute value of ESR, which means that the cell shapes become more regular. It is shown that the angular irregularity of cells increases at higher ESR values.

Conclusions

The results indicated that, the defined ESR is a stand-alone parameter for describing the realistic mechanical loading on the ECs and their morphological response.

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Conflict of interest

Hossein Ali Pakravan, Mohammad Said Saidi, and Bahar Firoozabadi declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

No human studies were carried out by the authors for this article; no animal studies were carried out by the authors for this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Hossein Ali Pakravan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Said Saidi & Bahar Firoozabadi

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  1. Hossein Ali Pakravan
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  2. Mohammad Said Saidi
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Correspondence to Hossein Ali Pakravan.

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Associate Editor Edward Sander oversaw the review of this article.

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Pakravan, H.A., Saidi, M.S. & Firoozabadi, B. Endothelial Cells Morphology in Response to Combined WSS and Biaxial CS: Introduction of Effective Strain Ratio. Cel. Mol. Bioeng. 13, 647–657 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-020-00618-z

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